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Section 8 guide

Public housing vs. Section 8

Both programs set your rent at about 30% of your adjusted income, but they work differently: public housing is an apartment owned by the housing authority; a Section 8 voucher lets you rent from a private landlord. If you qualify, the best strategy is usually to apply for both.

Agencies by state

Side by side

Public housingSection 8 voucher
Who owns the homeThe housing authorityA private landlord
Can you choose where to live?You get offered a unitYes, any unit that passes inspection and whose owner accepts the voucher
Income limitUp to 80% of area medianUsually up to 50% of area median
Your rentAbout 30% of adjusted income, or a flat rentAbout 30% of adjusted income, plus any amount above the payment standard
Can you move to another city?You must apply again thereYes, with portability
Waiting listSeparate list, often by property or bedroom sizeSeparate list, often longer

When public housing makes sense

If your income is between 50% and 80% of the area median, public housing is usually the only option. Its waiting lists can be shorter than the voucher list in the same agency, especially for some bedroom sizes or senior buildings.

When a voucher makes sense

A voucher gives you choice of neighborhood and school, and you can take it with you if you move. The trade-off is that you need to find a landlord who accepts it within the search period.

Which agencies run each program

Some agencies run only public housing, some only vouchers, and many run both. Every agency page on this site says which programs it has and how many units and vouchers HUD reports. Find yours on your state page.

Frequently asked questions

Can I apply for public housing and Section 8 at the same time?

Yes, and it is a good idea. They have separate waiting lists, even within the same agency.

Which is faster?

It depends on the agency. Ask each one about the wait for your bedroom size; public housing is sometimes faster, especially in senior buildings.

Is the rent the same?

Both are based on 30% of adjusted income. Public housing also offers a flat rent option, and with a voucher you may pay more if you choose a unit above the payment standard.

More Section 8 guides

How to apply for Section 8Step by step, from finding your agency to the briefing.Section 8 waiting listsHow lists open, preferences and how to check your status.Section 8 eligibility requirementsIncome, citizenship, background and household rules.Documents you need to applyThe checklist housing authorities ask for.How Section 8 rent is calculatedThe 30% rule, payment standards and utility allowances.Moving with a voucher (portability)How to take your Section 8 voucher to another city or state.Section 8 inspection checklistWhat inspectors check before you can move in.

Official sources: HUD: Public Housing Program · HUD: Housing Choice Voucher Program · 24 CFR Part 960 (admission to public housing) · 24 CFR Part 982 (Section 8 tenant-based assistance). Written and reviewed by Agustin Mendez. How we check the information.